A paw is slow to advance
Swing duration + stride duration
Compare moving-phase timing within the whole cycle.
Tendiboots™ Canine
Find the metrics for your clinical question.
Choose a context. See what to follow and why.
Physiotherapy and rehabilitation
What has changed since the last visit?
Timing still looks uneven
Stationary duration + stride duration
Follow each limb and the difference between them.
Advancement still looks different
Angular velocity + swing duration
Compare rotation speed and timing alongside video.
Repeat the same walking task. Show the owner what changed using the earlier recording and matched video.
Details and references (7)
Use similar gait, speed, surface, sensor placement and assistance. For treadmill follow-up, allow familiarisation before recording. Relate the change to the examination and the owner's observations.
Rehabilitation after cruciate stabilisation has been assessed using force plates [24]. Timing research includes TPLO follow-up [14], OA assessment [5] and a controlled TENS trial with no significant placebo-adjusted gait benefit [34]. Familiarisation [20], between-day repeatability [22] and exercise settings [21] help frame comparable assessments.
A prospective study of 51 dogs after lateral retinacular cruciate stabilisation compared rehabilitation with restricted exercise. Force-plate loading outcomes were greater in the rehabilitation group at six months. The study illustrates objective limb-function follow-up after surgery; the measured outcomes were peak vertical force and vertical impulse.
Thirteen dogs were followed with motion capture after TPLO. Pelvic-limb stance duration increased towards near-normal values over 12 weeks, while paw-velocity range increased but remained below normal. The study provides a clinical reason to examine support timing and movement dynamics during postoperative gait follow-up.
Pressure-walkway assessment of 41 healthy dogs and 21 dogs with osteoarthritis included stride length, stance time, swing time and stride time. Considerable overlap in force-based symmetry indices between groups illustrates why paired-limb comparisons need the wider clinical context. The study supplies an assessment context for these temporal and spatial measures.
A randomised crossover trial in 15 dogs with osteoarthritis assessed stance, swing and stride timing, stride length and loading during TENS treatment. No significant differences from placebo were found. The study provides a clinical example of using complementary gait outcomes to test a treatment response.
Twenty-five healthy, treadmill-naive Labradors underwent repeated treadmill sessions with camera-based gait assessment. Average measures settled earlier than some measures of between-stride variability. The study supports allowing familiarisation and checking consecutive strides when deciding whether a recording represents a sufficiently settled task for comparison.
Repeated treadmill assessments in 11 healthy dogs on four examination days included stance-phase percentage and relative stride length alongside force measurements. The study examined reproducibility and habituation, providing context for distinguishing a measured change from normal between-day fluctuations.
Twenty-five healthy dogs walked across a pressure-sensitive walkway with cavaletti at increasing heights. Higher poles were accompanied by slower walking and longer gait cycles. Because walking speed changed, force effects could not be attributed to height alone. The study highlights the role of task settings in interpreting gait measurements.
Cruciate injury and TPLO follow up
The limp is less obvious. What still differs?
Support timing
Stationary duration + stride duration
Follow estimated stationary time within the complete cycle.
Restricted movement
Stride length
Track the movement pattern of the operated limb alongside video.
Compare the affected limb with its earlier recordings and its partner at a similar gait and speed.
Details and references (5)
Choose a walking task appropriate to the recovery stage. Read the timing and reconstructed limb-path distance together with observed limb use. The functional examination supplies the recovery context.
Research covers stance duration after TPLO [14], stride-length ratios in cruciate rupture [15] and swing-phase proportions after porous TTA [28]. Complementary force-plate studies describe TPLO recovery [3] and rehabilitation after lateral retinacular stabilisation [24].
Thirteen dogs were followed with motion capture after TPLO. Pelvic-limb stance duration increased towards near-normal values over 12 weeks, while paw-velocity range increased but remained below normal. The study provides a clinical reason to examine support timing and movement dynamics during postoperative gait follow-up.
Motion-capture gait analysis compared 16 dogs with unilateral cruciate ligament rupture and ten controls. Paired-limb ratios differed between groups, notably for stride length and paw velocity. The authors proposed these kinematic outcomes for future surgical studies; the reported study itself was a case-control comparison.
Twenty dogs underwent pressure-walkway assessment before porous TTA and at 30, 90 and 120 days. Swing-phase proportions differed between operated and partner limbs before surgery and through 90 days; the difference was not significant at 120 days. This supplies a postoperative phase-timing example alongside loading measures.
Nineteen dogs were assessed with force-plate gait analysis before and after TPLO. Several force differences between paired limbs diminished during follow-up, while propulsion followed a different pattern. The study provides a postoperative loading context and illustrates why recovery can involve several functional dimensions changing at different rates.
A prospective study of 51 dogs after lateral retinacular cruciate stabilisation compared rehabilitation with restricted exercise. Force-plate loading outcomes were greater in the rehabilitation group at six months. The study illustrates objective limb-function follow-up after surgery; the measured outcomes were peak vertical force and vertical impulse.
Osteoarthritis follow up
Has the movement pattern changed between visits?
Movement looks restricted
Stride length
Follow the spatial movement trend alongside matched video.
The walking pattern has changed
Stationary duration + swing duration + stride duration
See which phase changed and how the whole cycle compares.
Follow each limb's own history, especially when both sides are affected. Relate it to daily function.
Details and references (4)
Keep gait and speed comparable and note medication timing and recent exercise. Pair clinic observations with what the owner reports at home; the two observations can differ.
OA research includes spatial and phase timing [5], and a TENS trial using complementary gait outcomes that found no significant placebo-adjusted benefit [34]. Further studies connect measured gait with owner observations [4] and examine four-limb loading in elbow OA [32].
Pressure-walkway assessment of 41 healthy dogs and 21 dogs with osteoarthritis included stride length, stance time, swing time and stride time. Considerable overlap in force-based symmetry indices between groups illustrates why paired-limb comparisons need the wider clinical context. The study supplies an assessment context for these temporal and spatial measures.
A randomised crossover trial in 15 dogs with osteoarthritis assessed stance, swing and stride timing, stride length and loading during TENS treatment. No significant differences from placebo were found. The study provides a clinical example of using complementary gait outcomes to test a treatment response.
A randomised study in 68 dogs with osteoarthritis compared force-plate outcomes with owner assessments using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory. Both approaches detected treatment effects, but individual changes did not necessarily align. The study supports considering measured gait and owner-reported function as complementary observations about the patient.
Nineteen dogs with elbow osteoarthritis and 13 controls underwent combined clinical and objective gait assessment. Force-plate findings described loading relationships across all four limbs, including forelimb-to-hindlimb comparisons. This complementary loading research supports assessing the whole dog when unilateral or bilateral forelimb disease changes gait.
Elbow and hip dysplasia
Does the limb still advance differently?
Movement remains restricted
Stride length
Track the limb's movement trend across comparable visits.
Advancement looks slow or uneven
Angular velocity + stride duration
Compare sensor-segment rotation with cycle timing and video.
Use the examination to identify the movement problem; follow that pattern in subsequent recordings.
Details and references (5)
Read reconstructed limb-path distance, segment rotation and timing together. Interpret an immediate response to exercise separately from a change that persists at later visits.
Research covers stride length after pool exercise in elbow dysplasia [6], joint angular velocity [10] and conventional stride length [30] in hip dysplasia. Serial IMU assessment in growing dogs [31] adds a longitudinal perspective; elbow-OA loading research adds a whole-dog view [32].
Six healthy Labradors and six with bilateral elbow dysplasia were assessed before and after one pool hydrotherapy session. Camera-measured stride length increased, with the post-session assessment performed on a dry treadmill about ten minutes later. The study describes an immediate spatial gait response to an exercise session.
Ten healthy and ten hip-dysplastic German Shepherds without visible lameness underwent camera-based joint kinematic assessment. Hip and carpal angular velocities differed, with the direction depending on the joint. The study illustrates movement changes across the limbs; its angular outcomes describe joint motion rather than the rotation of a sensor-bearing segment.
Three-dimensional motion analysis compared 12 dogs with clinical hip dysplasia with 12 controls. Conventional stride length was greater in the affected group and hindlimb joint motion also differed. This finding illustrates why the direction of a spatial change needs to be interpreted alongside the dog's overall movement pattern.
A longitudinal IMU study compared 30 healthy and 14 hip-dysplastic growing dogs. The affected group showed greater deviations from individual growth trends in movement features, including stride length and gyroscope amplitude. The findings concern variation across visits during growth, providing a context for serial movement assessment.
Nineteen dogs with elbow osteoarthritis and 13 controls underwent combined clinical and objective gait assessment. Force-plate findings described loading relationships across all four limbs, including forelimb-to-hindlimb comparisons. This complementary loading research supports assessing the whole dog when unilateral or bilateral forelimb disease changes gait.
Lameness with uneven limb movement
Which parts of the movement differ between limbs?
Different movement dynamics
Normalized GRF + angular velocity
Compare limb acceleration peaks and segment rotation speed.
Different movement paths
Stride length
Add the spatial movement trend to the comparison.
Keep speed, surface and sensor placement comparable; relate the differences to limb use on video.
Details and references (6)
Inspect each limb's value as well as the paired difference. The app's Normalized GRF describes selected limb acceleration peaks. Use the examination to assess comfort and weight bearing.
Juban's one-dog conference abstract supplies the Tendiboots induced-lameness example [17]. Other research examines multi-limb timing adaptations [29], cruciate-related spatial changes [15] and walk-versus-trot assessment [13]. Bilateral hindlimb disease [33] and elbow OA [32] provide complementary whole-dog loading contexts.
A preliminary Tendiboots study in one dog examined different grades of induced lameness. The published conference abstract reports changes in the system's peak-GRF output and paired-limb differences as lameness was increased. Two veterinarians assessed gait videos, providing a clinical comparison for the observed sensor changes.
Eight adult Beagles were assessed on an instrumented treadmill before and after reversible induced hindlimb lameness. Timing and loading adaptations involved several limbs, and relative stance duration depended on gait and limb. The study supports reading the whole movement pattern and matching gait when making comparisons.
Motion-capture gait analysis compared 16 dogs with unilateral cruciate ligament rupture and ten controls. Paired-limb ratios differed between groups, notably for stride length and paw velocity. The authors proposed these kinematic outcomes for future surgical studies; the reported study itself was a case-control comparison.
Dogs with low-grade hindlimb lameness were assessed by force plate at walk and trot. The assessment was more sensitive at trot in this setting. The study provides context for choosing and documenting gait according to the clinical question and the patient's ability to perform the task.
A pressure-walkway study compared 20 controls, 15 dogs with bilateral orthopaedic lameness and 11 with hindlimb ataxia. Orthopaedic cases redistributed loading towards the forelimbs; the ataxic group showed an altered forelimb-to-hindlimb stance-time relationship. These findings give complementary contexts for interpreting several limbs and measures together.
Nineteen dogs with elbow osteoarthritis and 13 controls underwent combined clinical and objective gait assessment. Force-plate findings described loading relationships across all four limbs, including forelimb-to-hindlimb comparisons. This complementary loading research supports assessing the whole dog when unilateral or bilateral forelimb disease changes gait.
Cervical spondylomyelopathy
How are stride timing and limb lifting changing?
Changed stride rhythm
Stride duration
Follow complete-cycle timing alongside the observed gait.
Changed lifting pattern
Stride height + stride length
Relate vertical travel and limb-path distance to video.
Pair the recording with paw placement, clearance and the neurological examination.
Details and references (3)
Stride height describes accumulated vertical travel during lifting and lowering. Use video to assess ground clearance. The functional goal determines the desired movement pattern.
CSM research includes three-dimensional stride measurements [16], pressure-walkway spatial and phase-timing assessment [25], and follow-up after treatment [9]. The 2013 study found shorter forelimb stride duration; height and length did not differ significantly between groups [16].
Three-dimensional motion capture compared ten clinically normal Dobermans with nine affected by cervical spondylomyelopathy. Affected dogs had shorter forelimb stride duration. Stride height and length were also assessed, without significant group differences. The study supplies a timing finding and a broader description of the observed neurological gait.
A pressure-walkway study compared nine Dobermans with MRI-confirmed cervical spondylomyelopathy with nine controls. Stance, swing and cycle duration, stride length and gait velocity were assessed alongside kinetic measures. Forelimb temporospatial measurements differed between groups, adding a spatial and temporal perspective to neurological gait assessment.
Eight Dobermans with cervical spondylomyelopathy were followed after medical or surgical treatment using kinetic and kinematic gait assessment alongside clinical evaluation. This small follow-up study provides a disease-specific example of considering instrumented gait and neurological function together when documenting the course of an individual patient's recovery.
Thoracolumbar spinal ataxia
Are successive steps becoming more consistent?
Irregular stepping
Stride duration + stationary duration
Read available SDs beside their averages and review successive steps.
Delayed advancement
Swing duration
Describe average moving-phase timing alongside paw placement.
Similar averages can hide different consistency. Compare consecutive strides on video and record assistance.
Details and references (6)
Available SDs accompany stride and stationary duration in scientific mode and describe retained measurements. Swing duration provides an average. Read timing and variability with neurological function and independent stepping ability.
Research describes phase variability [8,19], spatial and temporal gait changes [7] and forelimb-to-hindlimb stance timing [33]. After thoracolumbar disc surgery, footprint measurements followed spatial recovery [26], while stepping and coordination were shown to recover differently [27].
Five dogs with thoracolumbar spinal ataxia and six controls underwent treadmill gait analysis of 50 selected cycles per dog. Several coefficients of variation were higher in affected dogs, including stance time and pelvic-limb swing time. The findings support examining stepping regularity as well as average cycle and phase timing.
A pressure-walkway study compared 15 independently ambulatory dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy with 15 controls. Affected dogs showed greater variability in stance and swing phase percentages, among other measures. The cross-sectional findings add clinical evidence for assessing stepping consistency alongside neurological function. The article was published in January 2026.
Spatial and temporal gait measures were compared in 42 clinically normal dogs and 24 dogs with spinal cord disease. The study describes changes in the organisation of canine gait associated with neurological disease. It provides context for considering movement distance and phase timing alongside a neurological examination.
A pressure-walkway study compared 20 controls, 15 dogs with bilateral orthopaedic lameness and 11 with hindlimb ataxia. Orthopaedic cases redistributed loading towards the forelimbs; the ataxic group showed an altered forelimb-to-hindlimb stance-time relationship. These findings give complementary contexts for interpreting several limbs and measures together.
Footprint analysis compared 20 controls with 27 dogs experiencing 28 thoracolumbar spinal injury episodes. Assessments on days 3, 10 and 30 after surgery included dogs able to walk independently. Conventional stride length increased towards control values over the month; stride-length variability was elevated versus controls only at day 3.
Sixty-three dogs were assessed at two, four and six weeks after surgery for thoracolumbar disc herniation. Investigators evaluated stepping, coordination and walking function. These aspects recovered differently: substantial stepping ability could return while coordinated walking remained incomplete. The study supports reviewing walking quality alongside changes in individual gait measures.
Hydrotherapy
How does the limb move at this water setting?
Starting to advance
Push-off burst
Compare early rotational acceleration.
Advancing and slowing
Water effort + water resistance
Compare rotational acceleration during mid-swing and slowing during swing.
Match water depth, belt speed and assistance. Add stride height or stationary duration when relevant.
Details and references (4)
Read the Hydro features as descriptions of movement dynamics. Record any change in water depth, speed, incline or assistance so that a change in the task remains visible in the comparison.
Water-depth studies examined spatial and timing measures in healthy dogs [12], joint motion and stance percentage after cruciate stabilisation [18], and joint-specific movement responses [23]. A separate study assessed stride length on a dry treadmill after pool exercise [6].
Eight clinically sound dogs walked on an underwater treadmill at four water depths. Video-derived stride length, stride frequency and duty factor changed with water level. The study supports documenting water depth as part of the exercise task when interpreting a gait recording or comparing it with another session.
Ten dogs after cruciate ligament stabilization walked on an aquatic treadmill at different water levels. Water depth affected pelvic-limb joint motion and stance percentage. The measured outcomes describe joint kinematics and phase timing, informing the exercise context and the importance of matching water depth between Hydro recordings.
Video-based assessment in ten healthy dogs compared dry treadmill exercise with four immersion levels. Water depth changed joint flexion and range of motion, with responses differing between joints. The study provides practical context for recording the water level and interpreting the movement task during a Hydro session.
Six healthy Labradors and six with bilateral elbow dysplasia were assessed before and after one pool hydrotherapy session. Camera-measured stride length increased, with the post-session assessment performed on a dry treadmill about ten minutes later. The study describes an immediate spatial gait response to an exercise session.
Full reference library (34)
The same reference numbers are used in the clinical white paper and quick guide. Each study supports the finding described in its note; the full library also covers gait methods, loading assessment and exercise conditions.
Three young dogs were studied on a treadmill using a forelimb inertial sensor and synchronised video. The authors compared automated stride, stance and swing timing with video-derived events across walking and trotting. The study provides methodological context for identifying phases of the canine stride from movement signals.
Peer-reviewed article · PLOS ONE 13, e0198893 · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0198893
Two dogs underwent simultaneous treadmill assessment with inertial sensors, optical tracking and video. The authors examined hip and shoulder range of motion and the detection of stance and swing events. This small methods study illustrates the use of reference measurements to evaluate sensor-derived gait features.
Peer-reviewed article · Veterinary and Animal Science 21, 100301 · DOI 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100301
Nineteen dogs were assessed with force-plate gait analysis before and after TPLO. Several force differences between paired limbs diminished during follow-up, while propulsion followed a different pattern. The study provides a postoperative loading context and illustrates why recovery can involve several functional dimensions changing at different rates.
Peer-reviewed article · American Journal of Veterinary Research 80, 461–468 · DOI 10.2460/ajvr.80.5.461
A randomised study in 68 dogs with osteoarthritis compared force-plate outcomes with owner assessments using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory. Both approaches detected treatment effects, but individual changes did not necessarily align. The study supports considering measured gait and owner-reported function as complementary observations about the patient.
Peer-reviewed article · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 27, 22–30 · DOI 10.1111/jvim.12004
Pressure-walkway assessment of 41 healthy dogs and 21 dogs with osteoarthritis included stride length, stance time, swing time and stride time. Considerable overlap in force-based symmetry indices between groups illustrates why paired-limb comparisons need the wider clinical context. The study supplies an assessment context for these temporal and spatial measures.
Peer-reviewed article · PLOS ONE 15, e0243819 · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0243819
Six healthy Labradors and six with bilateral elbow dysplasia were assessed before and after one pool hydrotherapy session. Camera-measured stride length increased, with the post-session assessment performed on a dry treadmill about ten minutes later. The study describes an immediate spatial gait response to an exercise session.
Peer-reviewed article · The Veterinary Journal 234, 105–110 · DOI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.02.013
Spatial and temporal gait measures were compared in 42 clinically normal dogs and 24 dogs with spinal cord disease. The study describes changes in the organisation of canine gait associated with neurological disease. It provides context for considering movement distance and phase timing alongside a neurological examination.
Peer-reviewed article · American Journal of Veterinary Research 70, 1444–1449 · DOI 10.2460/ajvr.70.12.1444
Five dogs with thoracolumbar spinal ataxia and six controls underwent treadmill gait analysis of 50 selected cycles per dog. Several coefficients of variation were higher in affected dogs, including stance time and pelvic-limb swing time. The findings support examining stepping regularity as well as average cycle and phase timing.
Peer-reviewed article · Frontiers in Veterinary Science 10, 1183755 · DOI 10.3389/fvets.2023.1183755
Eight Dobermans with cervical spondylomyelopathy were followed after medical or surgical treatment using kinetic and kinematic gait assessment alongside clinical evaluation. This small follow-up study provides a disease-specific example of considering instrumented gait and neurological function together when documenting the course of an individual patient's recovery.
Peer-reviewed article · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 32, 1126–1132 · DOI 10.1111/jvim.15096
Ten healthy and ten hip-dysplastic German Shepherds without visible lameness underwent camera-based joint kinematic assessment. Hip and carpal angular velocities differed, with the direction depending on the joint. The study illustrates movement changes across the limbs; its angular outcomes describe joint motion rather than the rotation of a sensor-bearing segment.
Peer-reviewed article · The Veterinary Journal 195, 210–215 · DOI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.021
Pressure-mat gait assessment in 66 clinically normal dogs examined walking and trotting across size groups and considered leash side. The findings document variation with gait and size. They supply practical context for consistent recording conditions and for comparing each dog with its own earlier recordings.
Peer-reviewed article · Frontiers in Veterinary Science 5, 256 · DOI 10.3389/fvets.2018.00256
Eight clinically sound dogs walked on an underwater treadmill at four water depths. Video-derived stride length, stride frequency and duty factor changed with water level. The study supports documenting water depth as part of the exercise task when interpreting a gait recording or comparing it with another session.
Peer-reviewed article · Comparative Exercise Physiology 12, 199–207 · DOI 10.3920/CEP160012
Dogs with low-grade hindlimb lameness were assessed by force plate at walk and trot. The assessment was more sensitive at trot in this setting. The study provides context for choosing and documenting gait according to the clinical question and the patient's ability to perform the task.
Peer-reviewed article · Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 20, 299–304 · DOI 10.1160/VCOT-07-01-0008
Thirteen dogs were followed with motion capture after TPLO. Pelvic-limb stance duration increased towards near-normal values over 12 weeks, while paw-velocity range increased but remained below normal. The study provides a clinical reason to examine support timing and movement dynamics during postoperative gait follow-up.
Peer-reviewed article · Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 24, 178–184 · DOI 10.3415/VCOT-10-02-0028
Motion-capture gait analysis compared 16 dogs with unilateral cruciate ligament rupture and ten controls. Paired-limb ratios differed between groups, notably for stride length and paw velocity. The authors proposed these kinematic outcomes for future surgical studies; the reported study itself was a case-control comparison.
Peer-reviewed article · Veterinary Surgery 39, 523–530 · DOI 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2010.00672.x
Three-dimensional motion capture compared ten clinically normal Dobermans with nine affected by cervical spondylomyelopathy. Affected dogs had shorter forelimb stride duration. Stride height and length were also assessed, without significant group differences. The study supplies a timing finding and a broader description of the observed neurological gait.
Peer-reviewed article · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 27, 112–119 · DOI 10.1111/jvim.12012
A preliminary Tendiboots study in one dog examined different grades of induced lameness. The published conference abstract reports changes in the system's peak-GRF output and paired-limb differences as lameness was increased. Two veterinarians assessed gait videos, providing a clinical comparison for the observed sensor changes.
Published conference abstract · Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 38, A1–A12 · DOI 10.1055/s-0045-1812004
Ten dogs after cruciate ligament stabilization walked on an aquatic treadmill at different water levels. Water depth affected pelvic-limb joint motion and stance percentage. The measured outcomes describe joint kinematics and phase timing, informing the exercise context and the importance of matching water depth between Hydro recordings.
Peer-reviewed article · Journal of Small Animal Practice 59, 121–127 · DOI 10.1111/jsap.12770
A pressure-walkway study compared 15 independently ambulatory dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy with 15 controls. Affected dogs showed greater variability in stance and swing phase percentages, among other measures. The cross-sectional findings add clinical evidence for assessing stepping consistency alongside neurological function. The article was published in January 2026.
Peer-reviewed article · Frontiers in Veterinary Science 12, 1727929 · DOI 10.3389/fvets.2025.1727929
Twenty-five healthy, treadmill-naive Labradors underwent repeated treadmill sessions with camera-based gait assessment. Average measures settled earlier than some measures of between-stride variability. The study supports allowing familiarisation and checking consecutive strides when deciding whether a recording represents a sufficiently settled task for comparison.
Peer-reviewed article · Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 58, 87 · DOI 10.1186/s13028-016-0265-9
Twenty-five healthy dogs walked across a pressure-sensitive walkway with cavaletti at increasing heights. Higher poles were accompanied by slower walking and longer gait cycles. Because walking speed changed, force effects could not be attributed to height alone. The study highlights the role of task settings in interpreting gait measurements.
Peer-reviewed article · Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11, 1419206 · DOI 10.3389/fvets.2024.1419206
Repeated treadmill assessments in 11 healthy dogs on four examination days included stance-phase percentage and relative stride length alongside force measurements. The study examined reproducibility and habituation, providing context for distinguishing a measured change from normal between-day fluctuations.
Peer-reviewed article · American Journal of Veterinary Research 81, 804–809 · DOI 10.2460/ajvr.81.10.804
Video-based assessment in ten healthy dogs compared dry treadmill exercise with four immersion levels. Water depth changed joint flexion and range of motion, with responses differing between joints. The study provides practical context for recording the water level and interpreting the movement task during a Hydro session.
Peer-reviewed article · Veterinary Medicine and Science 8, 2374–2381 · DOI 10.1002/vms3.947
A prospective study of 51 dogs after lateral retinacular cruciate stabilisation compared rehabilitation with restricted exercise. Force-plate loading outcomes were greater in the rehabilitation group at six months. The study illustrates objective limb-function follow-up after surgery; the measured outcomes were peak vertical force and vertical impulse.
Peer-reviewed article · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 220, 1325–1330 · DOI 10.2460/javma.2002.220.1325
A pressure-walkway study compared nine Dobermans with MRI-confirmed cervical spondylomyelopathy with nine controls. Stance, swing and cycle duration, stride length and gait velocity were assessed alongside kinetic measures. Forelimb temporospatial measurements differed between groups, adding a spatial and temporal perspective to neurological gait assessment.
Peer-reviewed article · American Journal of Veterinary Research 76, 848–852 · DOI 10.2460/ajvr.76.10.848
Footprint analysis compared 20 controls with 27 dogs experiencing 28 thoracolumbar spinal injury episodes. Assessments on days 3, 10 and 30 after surgery included dogs able to walk independently. Conventional stride length increased towards control values over the month; stride-length variability was elevated versus controls only at day 3.
Peer-reviewed article · The Veterinary Journal 210, 61–67 · DOI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.01.013
Sixty-three dogs were assessed at two, four and six weeks after surgery for thoracolumbar disc herniation. Investigators evaluated stepping, coordination and walking function. These aspects recovered differently: substantial stepping ability could return while coordinated walking remained incomplete. The study supports reviewing walking quality alongside changes in individual gait measures.
Peer-reviewed article · The Veterinary Journal 213, 59–63 · DOI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.04.002
Twenty dogs underwent pressure-walkway assessment before porous TTA and at 30, 90 and 120 days. Swing-phase proportions differed between operated and partner limbs before surgery and through 90 days; the difference was not significant at 120 days. This supplies a postoperative phase-timing example alongside loading measures.
Peer-reviewed article · Veterinary Sciences 10, 696 · DOI 10.3390/vetsci10120696
Eight adult Beagles were assessed on an instrumented treadmill before and after reversible induced hindlimb lameness. Timing and loading adaptations involved several limbs, and relative stance duration depended on gait and limb. The study supports reading the whole movement pattern and matching gait when making comparisons.
Peer-reviewed article · The Veterinary Journal 197, 746–752 · DOI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.04.009
Three-dimensional motion analysis compared 12 dogs with clinical hip dysplasia with 12 controls. Conventional stride length was greater in the affected group and hindlimb joint motion also differed. This finding illustrates why the direction of a spatial change needs to be interpreted alongside the dog's overall movement pattern.
Peer-reviewed article · American Journal of Veterinary Research 57, 966–971 · DOI 10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.07.966
A longitudinal IMU study compared 30 healthy and 14 hip-dysplastic growing dogs. The affected group showed greater deviations from individual growth trends in movement features, including stride length and gyroscope amplitude. The findings concern variation across visits during growth, providing a context for serial movement assessment.
Peer-reviewed article · Veterinary and Animal Science 25, 100385 · DOI 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100385
Nineteen dogs with elbow osteoarthritis and 13 controls underwent combined clinical and objective gait assessment. Force-plate findings described loading relationships across all four limbs, including forelimb-to-hindlimb comparisons. This complementary loading research supports assessing the whole dog when unilateral or bilateral forelimb disease changes gait.
Peer-reviewed article · Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 66, 25 · DOI 10.1186/s13028-024-00746-w
A pressure-walkway study compared 20 controls, 15 dogs with bilateral orthopaedic lameness and 11 with hindlimb ataxia. Orthopaedic cases redistributed loading towards the forelimbs; the ataxic group showed an altered forelimb-to-hindlimb stance-time relationship. These findings give complementary contexts for interpreting several limbs and measures together.
Peer-reviewed article · BMC Veterinary Research 20, 405 · DOI 10.1186/s12917-024-04265-8
A randomised crossover trial in 15 dogs with osteoarthritis assessed stance, swing and stride timing, stride length and loading during TENS treatment. No significant differences from placebo were found. The study provides a clinical example of using complementary gait outcomes to test a treatment response.
Peer-reviewed article · Animals 14, 1626 · DOI 10.3390/ani14111626
See it in your clinical context.
Explore a Tendiboots recording in an online demonstration.
