Hydrotherapy can be performed in a large water pool (or swimming pool) or in a smaller pool containing an underwater treadmill, often referred to as a hydrotherapy tub or table. Various parameters can be adjusted depending on the animal and the situation, including water temperature (hot or cold), water level at different stages, treadmill incline, speed, and more. In addition, accessories such as vests, weights, or different water jets can be added as needed, based on the exercises prescribed by the veterinarian and to ensure the animal’s safety.

A session can last between 5 and 30 minutes, and the number of sessions is determined by the veterinarian. The choice between an underwater treadmill and a water pool depends on the exercises prescribed and the specific needs of the animal. Several techniques are used in hydrotherapy, including manual massage or massage with water jets, mobilization exercises, walking, swimming, or adjusting water temperature according to the desired effect (for example, muscle relaxation with warm water). Sometimes, even the environment can vary (such as swimming in the sea). The exercises and movements are never forced and should not cause discomfort to the animal. All equipment requires space and knowledge for proper use, as devices vary between models.

One of the advantages of the underwater treadmill is that multiple parameters can be precisely adjusted, such as speed or water level. The higher the water level, the less weight the body must support, which can be beneficial for specific joints or targeted body areas. In sporting animals, these parameters can be tailored to the individual and their training to optimize performance and build endurance. Additionally, temperature adjustments are important depending on the species (dog, cat, or horse), as each has a different ideal temperature. Owners are often invited to participate in sessions to monitor progress and encourage their animal.